Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Quiz

1. Question

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pericardial Effusion
Aortic Dissection
Pleural Effusion
Right Ventricular Strain
Ventricular Septal Rupture

2. Question

With regards to point of care ultrasound scans, which of the following is true?

POCUS scans do not require a written report. A verbal communication of findings is sufficient.
Seeing clot in transit in the right heart is an uncommon finding but is virtually diagnostic of pulmonary embolism.
A focused cardiac scan can be performed to adequately rule out clot in the left atrial appendage in patients with AF.
A curvilinear probe is best suited for focused cardiac ultrasound
Image storage after a study is only required if pathology is found.

3. Question

Focused Cardiac Ultrasound is useful for reliably determining which of the following ?

Diastolic Dysfunction
Quantification of Aortic Stenosis
Severe Global LV Systolic Dysfunction
Type A Aortic Dissection
Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation
Patent Foramen Ovale

4. Question

Which of the following are consistent with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism ? Choose all that apply.

McConnell’s sign
Dilated RV
Increased IVC respiratory variability
Plethoric IVC
Dilated right ventricular outflow tract

5. Question

Which is correct with regards to the echo clip below ?

It is obtained with the trasnducer in the apical position.
The fish mouth appearance of the mitral valve can be seen, indicating that this is the basal level of the LV
The LV contractility appears normal.
This view is useful for evaluating mitral regurgitation.
The RV cannot be seen in this view.

6. Question

What is seen here ?

This 60 years old gentleman who was seen in the preoperative anaesthesia clinic complains of limited exercise tolerance, getting short of breath after walking 10 metres. What are the FoCUS findings ?

The right ventricle is severely dilated.
The atrial chambers are severely dilated.
There is a large pericardial effusion.
The left ventricle is severely dilated.
There is a large pleural effusion

7. Question

Which of the following statements is correct about focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) ?

FoCUS is goal directed, and used to either exclude or confirm a diagnosis suspected from history and physical examination.
Doppler determination of blood flow is routinely used in Focused Cardiac Ultrasound.
In a patient with dyspnea, a normal focused cardiac ultrasound scan is sufficient to confidently rule out pulmonary embolism.
IVC variability of < 50% with an IVC diameter > 2.0 cm indicates hypovolaemia.
RWMAs are poor indicators of myocardial iscahemia and only appear late.
An important landmark in differentiating pleural and pericardial effusions in the PLAX view is the ascending aorta.

8. Question

What is the likely diagnosis here ?

RA Myxoma
Air Embolism
Pulmonary Embolism
LA thrombus
None of the answers are correct.

9. Question

Which answer is correct ?

LV systolic function is normal
This is a subcostal 4 chamber view.
The LV is foreshortened.
The RV is normal in size.
There is septal wall flattening

10. Question

An 85year old lady is listed on the trauma list for surgical fixation of #NOF. A systolic murmur is heard on auscultation. A focused cardiac scan is performed. What is the diagnosis ?

The aortic valve leaflets do not open well and is heavily calcified.
The aortic and mitral valves look normal.
The right ventricular outflow tract is significantly dilated.
The mitral valve is heavily calcified. There is severe mitral stenosis.

11. Question

Which methods are commonly used to determine ejection fraction with bedside cardiac ultrasound ? Select all that are correct.

Simpson’s Biplane Method of Discs
Eye Balling
Fractional Shortening
3D Volumetric Assessment
Stroke Volume Determination from Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity Time Integral

12. Question

The following image is consistent with ?

Image used with permission from POCUS Atlas.

The IVC is normal in size with normal respiratory variability. This is normal.
There is increased respiratory variability consistent with hypovolaemia.
The IVC is not seen. This is the abdominal aorta.
The IVC is plethoric (> 2.0cm) with reduced respiratory variability.
The IVC diameter should be measured 5cm distal to the IVC-RA junction

13. Question

What is the most likely diagnosis ?

Pericardial Effusion
This is a normal heart
Pulmonary embolism
Hypovolaemic shock
LV Systolic Failure

14. Question

Which of the following is correct concerning the subcostal 4 chamber view?

It cannot be used for detecting pericardial effusions.
The transducer is placed subcostally, with the marker facing the patients left flank.
Only 2 heart chambers can be visualized.
The descending aorta and IVC are clearly seen in this view.
It is a useful view for measuring LV and RV dimensions

15. Question

How is the apical 4 chamber view obtained?

The probe is placed subcostally and the marker faces the patients left flank.
The probe is placed in the suprasternal notch.
The probe is placed at the point of maximal impulse of the heart (apex). The marker faces the patients left flank.
The probe is placed in the 2nd to 3rd intercostal space, with the marker facing the patients left shoulder.

16. Question

What are the findings here ?

The RV is dilated.
The LV is hyperdynamic.
This is a normal heart seen in the apical 4 chamber view.
There is a large pericardial effusion

17. Question

How is the parasternal short axis view obtained?

The probe is placed in the left parasternal 2nd to 3rd intercostal space with the marker facing the patients left shoulder.
The probe is placed at the apex of the heart.
The probe is placed in the subcostal region with the marker facinf cephalad.
The probe is placed in the left 2nd to 3rd intercostal space with the marker facing the patients right shoulder.

18. Question

How do you obtain the parasternal long axis view?

The probe is placed at the apex of the heart, marker facing left flank
The probe is placed in the subcostal area.
The probe is placed in the right parasternal 2nd to 3rd intercostal space, marker facing the patients left shoulder
The probe is placed in the left parasternal 2nd the 3rd intercostal space with maker facing the patients right shoulder.

19. Question

With regards to the image below, which of the following are correct. Select all correct answers.

E is the aortic valve
D – is the right atrium
This is the parasternal long axis view
The probe is placed at the apex of the heart to obtain this view
B – is the right ventricular outflow tract

20. Question

Which view is shown here?

Apical 4 Chamber
Subcostal 4 Chamber
Parasternal Long Axis
Suprasternal 4 Chamber